__________________________________________________________________
Vaccine development throughout its history
We can say that humanity has gone through difficult years, since the beginning of the discovery of viruses, and science has been striving to find vaccines that can confront them by making the human body more resistant in confronting and overcoming them, and among these viruses throughout history are measles, influenza, hepatitis A and B and other viruses that spread in the past and succeeded Science in addressing it through vaccines.
The strength and effectiveness of the vaccine lies in the fact that it is through which the virus is selected and modified until it becomes weaker or completely inactivated.
Among the vaccines are the so-called protein vaccines, in which a protein is extracted from the virus, whether alive or inactivated, purified and injected as a vaccine. As for the Corona virus vaccine, the most common is the protein mutation, which is virus-like particles that work in the same way. We also find viral vector vaccines in which the gene for the pathogenic protein is inserted into a different virus that can infect a person without causing disease, and the safe virus acts as a vector to deliver the protein that leads to an immune response, and the safe virus is then injected as a vaccine.
As for DNA vaccines, instead of the virus, protein antigen, or virus that expresses the protein, the DNA code for the antigen is injected with a plasmid DNA, enters the nucleus and is translated into an RNA messenger to express the protein.
It can also be directly injected without translation required and is less stable than DNA and this is a new technology that no other vaccines for human use have used.
The importance of vaccines lies in the fact that they are used to prevent infection with infectious diseases and prevent the spread of diseases, as well as to build community immunity and protect those who cannot be vaccinated.
Vaccines reduce the risk of infection and train the immune system to recognize the pathogen when it is naturally encountered.
Vaccines can be given in different ways, including injections into the muscles or subcutaneous injections, as well as orally.
Some vaccines sometimes require more than one dose for several reasons, including building complete immunity and enhancing immunity, as well as immunizing people against disease-causing viruses, which may vary from season to season, such as the annual flu vaccine.
We may find that the Corona vaccine has been developed quickly, as traditional vaccines are developing in stages in sequence, and to accelerate the development of Corona vaccines, the steps are taken in parallel, and all the usual safety and effectiveness control procedures are taking place despite the acceleration of vaccine development.
